Addresses to both Houses of Parliament

Publications / Data

Addresses to both Houses of Parliament

Volodymyr Zelenskyy addresses Parliament. ©No 10 Downing Street / Simon Dawson

Addresses to both Houses of Parliament can be important elements both of UK national occasions and of visits by major foreign dignitaries. Who gives them, and where?

Last updated: 3 December 2024

Formal Addresses to both Houses of Parliament are made by the Monarch (in addition to the King's Speech at the State Opening of Parliament), and by foreign dignitaries visiting the UK.

Formal Addresses by the Monarch

Her late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II made a formal Address to both Houses of Parliament on six occasions – to mark, respectively:

in 1965, the 700th anniversary of the Parliament of Simon de Montfort;
in 1977, her Silver Jubilee;
in 1988, the 300th anniversary of the Revolution of 1688-89 and the Bill of Rights;
in 1995, the 50th anniversary of Victory in Europe Day; and
in 2002 and 2012, her Golden and Diamond Jubilees, respectively.

All her late Majesty's formal Addresses to both Houses were made in Westminster Hall except for the first, which she gave in the Royal Gallery.

His Majesty King Charles III made a formal Address to both Houses for the first time on 12 September 2022, in Westminster Hall, in response to the presentations by the Speaker and Lord Speaker of the Addresses of condolence to him which were agreed by each House following the death of the Queen.

Formal Addresses by visiting foreign dignitaries

Formal Addresses to both Houses are made by Heads of State and by other foreign leaders, including Heads of Government of Commonwealth realms.

With respect to Heads of State, there is no necessary connection between formal Addresses to both Houses and State Visits to the UK: State Visits to the UK do not have to include a formal Address to both Houses, and there have been plenty which have not (including, especially famously, that of US President Trump in 2019). Equally, several overseas Heads of State have made formal Addresses to both Houses while they have been in the UK on a visit other than a State Visit - most recently, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in February 2023.

In terms of venues on the parliamentary estate, the vast majority of formal Addresses by visiting Heads of State and other foreign dignitaries take place in the Royal Gallery or Robing Room. Addresses in Westminster Hall are extremely rare.

The question of whether a State Visit or other official visit to the UK by a foreign dignitary will include a formal Address to both Houses - and if so, where - is determined between the Foreign, Comonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), the parliamentary authorities and, if it is a State Visit, Buckingham Palace and its officials in Parliament.

Formal Addresses to both Houses of Parliament in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III, and their venues on the parliamentary estate • The table includes formal Addresses up to and including that of the Amir of the State of Qatar, His Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani on 3 December 2024.

Category of Address-giver	(Type of) Address-giver / occasion	Westminster Hall	Royal Gallery	Robing Room	Other	Total
UK Monarchs (totals)	Queen Elizabeth II	5	1
	King Charles III	1
UK Monarch Sub-Totals		6	1			7
Foreign dignitaries	Head of State on a State Visit	3 (French President de Gaulle, 1960; South African President Mandela, 1996; US President Obama, 2011)	15	12	1 (Jordanian King Abdullah II, 2001)
	Head of State not on a State Visit	1 (Ukranian President Zelensky, 2023)	3	3	1 (Ukrainian President Zelenskyy, via videolink, 2022)
	Figure other than a serving Head of State	1 (Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, 2012)	8	1 (Canadian Prime Minister Harper, 2013)
Foreign dignitaries (sub-totals)(totals)		5	26	16	2	49
*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Total (UK Monarchs & foreign dignitaries)		11	27	16	2	56

Sources: Hansard Society data compiled from House of Commons Library, 'Addresses to members of both Houses of Parliament', last updated 23 November 2023; Royal Family website, 'Inward State Visits since 1952'

Speeches in Parliament by foreign dignitaries which are not formal Addresses to both Houses

Formal Addresses to both Houses are distinguished from other speeches which are made to MPs and Peers by visiting foreign dignitaries. In some circumstances, the two types of event may appear little different from each other: Pope Benedict made a speech in Westminster Hall in 2010 but this was not a formal Address to both Houses. Other speeches which have been made by visiting foreign dignitaries and which have not been formal Addresses have more obviously not been full parliamentary occasions: for example, foreign leaders have spoken at events hosted by All-Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) and Select Committees.

Speeches by foreign dignitaries to MPs and Peers in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III other than formal Addresses to both Houses, and their venues on the parliamentary estate • The table includes speeches up to and including that of Ukrainian First Lady Olena Zelenska on 29 November 2022.

Type of speech-giver / occasion	Westminster Hall	Royal Gallery	Grand Committee Room	Other	Totals
Head of State on a State Visit			1 (Portuguese President Soares, 1993)		1
Head of State not on a State Visit	1 (Pope Benedict XVI, 2010)		1 (Argentinian President Menem, 1998)	2 (Nicaraguan President Ortega, 1989; Malawian President Joyce Banda, 2013)	4
Figure other than a serving Head of State		2	5	1 (Ukrainian First Lady Olena Zelenska, 2022)	8
Totals	1	2	7	3	13

Sources: Hansard Society data compiled from House of Commons Library, 'Addresses to members of both Houses of Parliament', CBP04092, last updated 20 February 2023; Royal Family website, 'Inward State Visits since 1952'

Latest / Highlights

News / Will Parliament pay a price for promises to WASPI women? - Parliament Matters podcast, Episode 61

As Christmas approaches, Westminster eases into its pre-festive lull. Yet, a major political storm clouds the year’s end: the fallout from the Government’s decision not to compensate the WASPI women. This controversy highlights a recurring dilemma in politics—the risks of opposition parties over-promising and the inevitable backlash when those promises confront the harsh realities of governing. And as a seasonal stocking filler, Ruth and Mark talk to the authors of two fascinating books that uncover hidden aspects of parliamentary history.

News / Parliament Matters Bulletin: What's coming up in Parliament this week? 16-20 December 2024

MPs will review five bills, including the Water (Special Measures) Bill, and debate two e-petitions on Israel and Palestine, including one on halting arms exports to Israel which may raise sub judice concerns. Six Select Committees will see membership changes following front bench reshuffles, and Peers will consider proposals for four new inquiry committees for 2025. The Defence Committee Chair will raise concerns about poor service accommodation, while Angela Rayner, Yvette Cooper, Shabana Mahmood, Wes Streeting and Michael Gove face Select Committees.

Briefings / The Assisted Dying Bill: A guide to the Private Member's Bill process

This briefing explains what to watch for during the Second Reading debate of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill on 29 November. It outlines the procedural and legislative issues that will come into play: the role of the Chair in managing the debate and how procedures such as the 'closure' and 'reasoned amendments' work. It looks ahead to the Committee and Report stage procedures that will apply if the Bill progresses beyond Second Reading. It also examines the government's responsibilities, such as providing a money resolution for the Bill and preparing an Impact Assessment, while addressing broader concerns about the adequacy of Private Members’ Bill procedures for scrutinising controversial issues.

News / Licence to scrutinise: spooks, hereditary peers and assisted dying - Parliament Matters podcast, Episode 60

In this week’s episode the ‘assisted dying’ bill takes centre stage as the newly chosen members of the Public Bill Committee gear up for detailed scrutiny of the legislation. With 23 members, including two ministers, this committee promises a mix of seasoned voices and first-time MPs debating a very difficult issue. We are joined by Hansard Society researcher, Matthew England, who breaks down the committee’s composition, party balance, and the strategic dynamics that will influence the bill’s trajectory.

News / How a British student has schooled the US Congress - Parliament Matters podcast, Episode 58

In this special episode, we dive into the fascinating world of US congressional procedure with Hansard Society member Kacper Surdy, the once-anonymous force behind the influential social media account @ringwiss. Despite being a 20-year-old Durham University student, Kacper has become a go-to authority on Capitol Hill’s intricate rules, earning the admiration of seasoned political insiders. With Donald Trump hinting at bypassing Senate norms to appoint controversial figures to his cabinet, Kacper unravels the high stakes procedural battles shaping Washington.